Investir dans les infrastructures vertes : un impératif pour la croissance africaine
Les infrastructures vertes ne sont pas un coût, mais l'investissement le plus rentable de la décennie.
Une infrastructure n’est jamais neutre : elle engage un pays pour des décennies. Choisir aujourd’hui de bâtir vert, c’est éviter demain le coût bien plus élevé de la conversion — et inscrire la compétitivité du continent dans la durée.
Le mythe du surcoût
L’idée selon laquelle l’infrastructure verte coûterait structurellement plus cher appartient au passé. La chute spectaculaire du coût des renouvelables a inversé l’équation : dans une grande partie du continent, l’électricité solaire ou éolienne est désormais la source de production la plus économique.
À cela s’ajoute un coût évité : celui des actifs échoués. Une centrale fossile construite aujourd’hui risque de devenir obsolète avant la fin de sa vie comptable, sous l’effet de la réglementation climatique et de la pression des marchés.
La question n’est plus de savoir si l’on peut se permettre d’investir vert, mais si l’on peut encore se permettre de ne pas le faire.
Un rendement à plusieurs dimensions
Le rendement d’une infrastructure verte ne se mesure pas au seul taux de retour financier. Il se décline en effets en cascade sur l’ensemble de l’économie.
- Rendement financier : des actifs de long terme aux revenus prévisibles, prisés des investisseurs patients.
- Rendement industriel : l’émergence de filières locales — fabrication, installation, maintenance.
- Rendement souverain : une moindre dépendance aux fluctuations des marchés fossiles.
- Rendement social : l’accès à l’énergie, condition de l’éducation, de la santé et de l’entrepreneuriat.
Dérisquer pour débloquer
Si les capitaux mondiaux disponibles pour la transition sont abondants, ils demeurent insuffisamment orientés vers l’Afrique. La raison n’est pas le manque de projets, mais la perception du risque. Tout l’enjeu consiste à dérisquer : garanties souveraines, instruments de couverture, financement mixte associant capitaux publics et privés.
Ces instruments ne sont pas des subventions déguisées : ce sont des accélérateurs qui permettent au capital privé de s’engager là où il hésiterait seul.
Bâtir maintenant
L’infrastructure verte est l’un des rares domaines où l’intérêt financier, l’intérêt social et l’intérêt climatique convergent pleinement. Saisir cette convergence, c’est faire de l’investissement le moteur d’une croissance africaine durable. C’est la conviction qui guide mon action.
Tribune signée Omar Belmamoun — Dirigeant & stratège des énergies renouvelables.
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