Le modèle marocain des énergies renouvelables : un exemple pour le continent
Comment une stratégie nationale ambitieuse est devenue une référence africaine en matière d'énergie propre.
Dépourvu de réserves significatives d’hydrocarbures, le Maroc a transformé une vulnérabilité en projet national. Plutôt que de subir sa dépendance, il a choisi de bâtir sa souveraineté énergétique sur ses ressources les plus abondantes : le soleil et le vent.
Une vision portée au sommet de l’État
La première leçon du modèle marocain tient en un mot : la continuité. La stratégie énergétique a été pensée comme une politique de long terme, dotée d’objectifs clairs — porter la part des renouvelables à plus de 52 % de la capacité installée à l’horizon 2030 — et soutenue avec constance. Cette stabilité de cap est précisément ce que recherchent les investisseurs internationaux.
Un projet énergétique ne se juge pas à son ambition affichée, mais à la constance avec laquelle il est conduit.
Des institutions dédiées
Le Royaume s’est doté d’agences spécialisées, chargées de piloter le déploiement des grands projets, de structurer les appels d’offres et de dialoguer avec les bailleurs. Cette ingénierie institutionnelle a permis de mener à bien des projets d’une complexité considérable.
Des projets emblématiques
Grands complexes solaires combinant photovoltaïque et concentration, parcs éoliens jalonnant les couloirs venteux du pays, stations de pompage-turbinage : le Maroc a su déployer une palette technologique complète, et bâtir au passage une expertise nationale exportable.
- Une stratégie diversifiée, ne misant pas sur une seule technologie.
- Une montée en compétences locale, des bureaux d’études à l’exploitation.
- Une ambition assumée de devenir un carrefour énergétique régional.
Ce qui est transposable
Aucun modèle ne se copie à l’identique. Mais les principes qui ont guidé la réussite marocaine sont largement transposables : vision de long terme, stabilité réglementaire, institutions compétentes, ouverture maîtrisée aux capitaux et volonté d’ancrer la valeur localement.
Le Maroc constitue moins un modèle à reproduire qu’une preuve de concept : la démonstration vivante qu’une transition énergétique ambitieuse est à la portée du continent.
Tribune signée Omar Belmamoun — Dirigeant & stratège des énergies renouvelables.
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